Organic Japanese with Dolly - John's Digital Galaxy 🌌

## Summary ## Notes ## Highlights ### 1 Two core components in a train: - A, main car - B, engine Types of words A does B - u-engine A is B - da tells us a is b - one-way like There are three types of japanese sentences ? - u-train, A does B - da-train (noun), A is B - k-train (adjective), A is B  core adjective words, always end with ;; i  - da is built into i adjectives ga is always there, always doing the same thing ### 2 Sometimes the carriage (if subject) can be missing because it is treated like ;; a hidden "it", not needed because of existing context.  ex) I am John would be fully: - A = zeroga - B = John da Wo/o is ;; object, what the verb is done to  Wo is an additional carriage, not part of core zeroga is ;; the optional context, zero defaults to I  ### 3 Wa cannot be any of the three current carriages, non-logical particle - cannot be A because it can change depending on B, since zero is context-defined subject Wa is not a train part but rather ;; a flag for any noun as topic of sentence, only for grammatic purposes. This lets you replace the train representation of whatever it is flagging  ni marks ;; the target of the doing, indirect object  Watashi-ga booru-wo nageru I (ga subject) ball (wo object) throw (ga verb) Watashi-ga booru-wo sakura-ni nageru I (ga subject) / ball (wo object) / to/at Sakura (indirect object) / throw (ga verb) Moving these around is what provides nuance, but due to A B structure, B is always last Particles are more important than order as it indicates order (noun)-wa prefix means ;; as for the (noun) Now, if we introduce wa flag: Booru-wa watashi-ga sakura-ni nageru As for the ball / I / Sakura / Throw ### 4 Japanese non-past defaults to ;; future  White engines ;; are modifiers for a core element of the sentence (ex. adjective). ![](https://i.imgur.com/HGQrrkX.png)  we declare present verb by ;; replacing ru with te  we declare past tense by ;; replacing ru with ta / following how we would turn it into present  To explicitly mention something is happening in a certain time, we add ;; the date at the start (ex. today/tuesday is x)  Relative dates need prefix ;; none lol  Absolute dates need prefix ;; ni like in Kayoubi-ni (tuesday)  ### 5 Verb group transferring from te vs ta form ichidan verbs can only end with ;; (any kana from i or e row) plus ru る  #### Godan utsuru うつる verbs are changed by ;; following the definition of うつる, move one thing to another. replace the character with small つ + (て / た) to result in tte/tta  laugh 笑う present becomes ;; 笑って  iru is to be, present tense the two irregular verbs are ;; come くる and to do する  来る (come) conjugated becomes ;; 来て  する (do) conjugated becomes ;; して.  行く(to go) conjugated becomes ;; 行って  NEW BOOM (NEW BUMU) group ぬ, ぶ, む verbs are conjugated by ;; prefixing with ん then instead of te/ta, replace with the char dull equivalent  飲む (drink) past tense becomes ;; 飲んだ  く and ぐ verbs are conjugated by ;; adding いて  歩く (walk) present tense becomes ;; 歩いて  す verbs are conjugated by ;; replacing す with して  white engine can be a modifier for main engine - main engine: is - modifier engine: eating ### 6 We can turn う verbs into ;; adjectives by putting them before the noun  (u verb) + (noun) is read as ;; the (noun) who (u verb)  dictionary (white car) - ate (white engine) - dog (black car) is read as ;; the dog who ate the dictionary  when a da/desu-noun is being turned into white engine, we need to ;; replace with na. this only works for na-adjectives  a no is equivalent to ;; 's, indicate possession by a noun  ![](https://i.imgur.com/77KhqQM.png) turned to english is ;; the dress which belongs to pink things  we can create adjectives in 4 ways - ;; three engines (u, da, i) + no car  ### 7 basis of negatives is ;; nai ない  When we do not do something, instead of verb ;; we use adjective since we are describing a state of non-action to attach nai ない to verb ,we need to ;; attach it to a-stem. this means going from u-verb to a-counterpart (except for case where u goes to wa. this is because it would be difficult to say something like kaa-nai) if we were to turn a verb like kiku きく(to listen or to ask) into negative: ;; kika-nai 気かーない, replace ku with ka, add nai engine to turn adjective into negative like kawaii 可愛い, we ;; replace い with く and add nai, which turns into kawaiku nai 可愛くない to turn adjective into negative PAST TENSE like hashiru 走る(run), we ;; replace ru with ra, then replace い in nai with katta 買った to get nakatta. this is because negative is an adjective, so the final word is hashiru nakatta 走る　なかった masu ます is a verb not affected by nai since ;; it is a helper verb that makes words formal. instead of nai, it uses sen ii いい (good) is an adjective not affected by nai since ;; there is an old variant that it gets converted to after any transformation.